TYPO3 Core

My current workaround:

    /**
     * Cached public URL
     *
     * @var string
     */
    private $publicSiteUrl = '';

    /**
     * Cached wrong local path from File::getPublicUrl()
     *
     * @var string
     * @link https://forge.typo3.org/issues/90330
     */
    private $publicUrlLocalPath = '';

    /**
     * Workaround for "Wrong publicUrl for FAL files in non-public storages generated from CLI" 
     *
     * @param File $file
     * @return string
     * @throws SiteNotFoundException
     * @link https://forge.typo3.org/issues/90330
     */
    protected function getPublicUrl(File $file): string {

        if (empty($this->publicUrlLocalPath)) {
            $this->publicUrlLocalPath = 'http://' . Environment::getPublicPath() . '/typo3/sysext/core/bin/';
        }
        if (empty($this->publicSiteUrl)) {
            $siteFinder = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(SiteFinder::class);
            $this->publicSiteUrl = $siteFinder->getSiteByIdentifier('identifier-of-my-site')->getBase();
        }

        $publicUrl = $file->getPublicUrl();
        if (substr($publicUrl, 0, 8) === 'http:///') {
            $publicUrl = str_replace($this->publicUrlLocalPath, $this->publicSiteUrl, $publicUrl);
        }

        return $publicUrl;
    }

This issue is still present in TYPO3 v12, here $file->getPublicUrl() and $file->getPublicUrl(TRUE) both return

http://bin/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=2096&token=bd6e0cc99d3c2a7a6745416bff82d61ce87d44dd