TYPO3 Core

Note that transform: translate3d(0,0,0) applied to .module-body "fixes" the issue as well.
(Also other 3d-offloading hacks like will-change: transform; or transform: translateZ(0);)

To reproduce the issue, the "Rendering" Tab of the Google Chrome inspector may be enabled and the checkbox "Paint flashing" checked.
Without the fix, all table entries are re-rendered on every scroll operation.

Just noticed that this doesn't happen on my notebook with same software versions, only difference: 200% scaling because of HighDPI screen.

Now things get interesting, I found the following statement on https://dzone.com/articles/front-end-performance-optimization-with-accelerate

On a screen with the high DPI, fixed elements get automatically upgraded to the Compositing Layer. However, this is not applicable to devices with the low DPI because the PaintLayer upgrade changes the font rendering mode from sub-pixel to gray-scale. (For more information, see Text Rendering.)

So we have different rendering modes based on the OS-scaling mode.

And this let me to the following bug report:
https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=597678#c3

This is because we don't promote the scrolling content to a compositor layer due to being low-DPI (and thus losing LCD text antialiasing). You can force this into a compositor layer by applying a transform on the scroller:

transform: translateZ(0)

This fixes the performance issue but may degrade text quality on lowDPI devices.

So transform: translateZ(0) isn't a proper idea as well (we should rather enable html-based scrolling).

but reading the merged issue https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=381840#c51 I figure the issue is related to the detection whether a scrollable element may be opaque or transparent and therefore needs possible composition with the underlaying elements.

So I figured another (non-intrusive workaround, that doesn't affect font-rendering): background-color: white on .module-body.
Maybe that is a fix that would be suitable for v11 and v10 backports.

will do some more analysis…