TYPO3 Core

same problem here.

if I use SiteHandling I will no longer see translations in FreeMode regardless of language fallback modes

For me it was about the standard output of tt_content elements.

"Problem" was that I got the content with the standard query styles.content.get. In that case there was no translated content in free mode, if SiteHandling was used.

if I extend the query of styles.content.get to
10 <styles.content.get
10.select.includeRecordsWithoutDefaultTranslation = 1

the output of tt_content works again...

maybe it will help other seekers

I've included content via the Typoscript CONTENT object (as far as I remember styles.content.get is just an alias for CONTENT), and it still doesn't work.

temp.content0 = CONTENT
temp.content0 {
    table = tt_content
    wrap = |
    select {
        where = colPos = 0
        orderBy = sorting
        languageField = sys_language_uid
        includeRecordsWithoutDefaultTranslation = 1
    }
}

Note: In my case I'm talking about News-Records, not standard tt_content. includeRecordsWithoutDefaultTranslation doesn't work for standard content elements for me either.

Maybe my page configuration is wrong?

config {
    sys_language_uid = 0
    sys_language_overlay = 1
    sys_language_mode = content_fallback;1,0
}

I can confirm that the config.sys_language_overlay is totally useless in TYPO3 9.5 if a Site-Configuration (typo3conf/sites/xxxx) is used. => I'm not able to display any non translated tt_content record in the FE.

Patch set 1 for branch 9.5 of project Packages/TYPO3.CMS has been pushed to the review server.
It is available at https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/60456